AP DSC 2026 SGT Syllabus: Unit-Wise Topics for Languages, English, Maths, Science and Social (Content and Methodology)

The SGT (Secondary Grade Teacher) paper is 80 marks. Twenty of them are common sections (G.K & Current Affairs 8, Perspectives in Education 4, Educational Psychology 8, which together are 20) and the remaining 60 marks are "Content & Methodologies": five subjects with 8 content marks and 4 methodology marks each. The official document describes the content level as Class III to VIII, with difficulty up to Class X. This guide sets out the syllabus part by part.

How the 60 Marks Are Divided

Every subject carries the same 12 marks, so the SGT paper rewards balance: a candidate strong in two subjects and weak in the others will lose more than one who is steady in all five. Methodology (4 marks per subject) is in effect an extra 20-mark block on pedagogy.

Parts IV and V: Languages

Language I (optional): Telugu

Content, 8 marks (Class III to VIII, difficulty up to Class X):

1. తెలుగు వాచకాలలో పాఠ్యభాగ విషయాలు: కవి పరిచయాలు, పాత్రలు, ఇతివృత్తాలు, సందర్భాలు, నేపథ్యాలు, విద్యా ప్రమాణాలు
2. పదజాలం: అర్థాలు, పర్యాయపదాలు, నానార్థాలు, వ్యుత్పత్త్యర్థాలు, జాతీయాలు, సామెతలు – వివరణ, గుర్తించడం; పొడుపు కథలు
3. భాషాంశాలు: విభక్తి ప్రత్యయాలు; ఔపవిభక్తికలు; పారిభాషిక పదాలు (ద్రుత ప్రకృతికాలు, కళలు, ఆమ్రేడితం, సంధి, వచనాలు, కాలాలు, లింగాలు, సమాసం, ఆగమం, ఆదేశం, బహుళం); సంధులు (తెలుగు సంధులు, సంస్కృత సంధులు); సమాసాలు (ద్వంద్వ, ద్విగు, తత్పురుష); ఛందస్సు – గణవిభజన, గణాల గుర్తింపు; అలంకారాలు (వృత్త్యనుప్రాస, ఛేకానుప్రాస, అంత్యానుప్రాస, ఉపమ, ఉత్ప్రేక్ష, అతిశయోక్తి); వాక్యాలు (ఆశ్చర్యార్థక, విధ్యర్థక, నిషేధార్థక, అనుమత్యర్థక, సామర్థ్యార్థక, సందేహార్థక, ఆశీరర్థక, ప్రార్థనార్థక, ప్రశ్నార్థక, హేత్వర్థక, కర్తరి, కర్మణి వాక్యాలు)

Methodology, 4 marks (primary-level language development and comprehension), 10 topics:

1. తెలుగు భాషా బోధన, ఉద్దేశాలు, విలువలు, లక్ష్యాలు, స్పష్టీకరణలు
2. భాష – సమాజం – సాహిత్య ప్రక్రియలు
3. మాతృభాష స్వభావం, నిర్మాణం, ప్రాధాన్యత, భాషోత్పత్తివాదాలు, ధ్వని, అర్థ వివరిణామాలు
4. పాఠ్యపుస్తకాలు – బోధన శాస్త్రంపై అవగాహన
5. భాషా సామర్థ్యాలు విద్యా ప్రమాణాలు
6. బోధనా పద్ధతులు – బోధనాభ్యసన ప్రక్రియల నిర్వహణ
7. ప్రణాళికా రచన
8. బోధనాభ్యసన సామాగ్రి
9. ఆంధ్రప్రదేశ్‌లో భాషాభివృద్ధి కార్యక్రమాలు
10. భాష – మూల్యాంకనం

The Telugu content list above is a condensed rendering of the lettered sub-points in the document (A to H under each of three heads); open the official PDF for the full lettered list, including the full set of figures of speech, sandhi types and sentence types.

Language I (optional): Urdu

Urdu is the alternative to Telugu for Language I. The official text is in Urdu; this is a summary of its structure. Open the official PDF for the exact wording.

• Content, 8 marks (Class III to VIII textbooks, difficulty up to Class X): (I) introduction to poets and writers, analysis of characters and settings in the lessons, and educational standards; (II) vocabulary: meanings, synonyms, words with more than one meaning, prefixes and suffixes, idioms; (III) linguistics, elements of the Urdu language, in ten points: the word and independent word, pronoun and its types, punctuation, types of present-tense verbs, tenses, solar and lunar letters, simple and compound words, descriptive compounds, antonyms and simile.
• Methodology, 4 marks: language development and comprehension at secondary level, in two parts. The first covers promoting language abilities, understanding the textbook and the teaching method, and classroom planning. The second covers language and society, developing language abilities, language resources and their use, expected outcomes, planning at secondary level, and assessment.

Language II: English

Content, 8 marks (Class III to VIII, difficulty up to Class X):

1. Poets, Essayists, Novelists, Dramatists and their works
2. Writing of discourse: story, essay, letter writing, editorial, precis writing, note-making, autobiography and biography
3. Pronunciation: sounds; use of dictionary
4. Parts of Speech
5. Tenses
6. Types of Sentences
7. Articles and Prepositions

Methodology, 4 marks:

1. Aspects of English: (a) English language: history, nature, importance, principles of English as a second language; (b) problems of teaching / learning English
2. Objectives of teaching English
3. Development of language skills: (a) Listening, Speaking, Reading and Writing (LSRW); (b) communicative skills
5. Approaches, methods and techniques of teaching English: introduction, definition and types of approaches, methods and techniques; remedial teaching
6. Teaching of structures and vocabulary items
7. Teaching learning materials in English
8. Lesson planning
9. Curriculum and textbooks
10. Evaluation in English language

The official document numbers the English methodology list 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10; there is no item 4 in the published text. We have kept the numbering as published.

Part VI: Mathematics

Content, 8 marks (Class III to VIII, difficulty up to Class X): six areas, listed below as the document gives them.

Numbers

• Numbers
• Four fundamental operations (Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication, Division)
• Knowing about Numbers
• Hindu-Arabic system of numeration (Indian system of numeration)
• International system of numeration (British system of numeration)
• Place value and Face value of a digit in a number
• Comparing and Ordering of Numbers
• Whole Numbers
• Factors and Multiples
• Prime and Composite numbers
• Even and Odd numbers
• Tests for Divisibility of Numbers
• Common Factors and Common Multiples
• Prime factorisation
• Highest Common Factor (G.C.D)
• Lowest Common Multiple
• Integers
• properties and fundamental operations
• Fractions and decimals
• Types of fractions
• comparison
• Applications of fractions in daily life
• four fundamental operations on fractions and decimals
• Rational Numbers
• Properties of Rational Numbers
• Rational Numbers between two rational numbers
• Four fundamental Operations on Rational Numbers
• Product of reciprocals
• Squares
• Square roots (Numbers and Decimals)
• Properties of Square Numbers
• Cubes
• Cube roots of Numbers
• Playing with Numbers
• Games with Numbers
• Letters for Digits.

Arithmetic

• BODMAS rule
• Ratios and Proportions (Direct, Inverse)
• comparing quantities using ratios, proportion, percentage and their applications
• Profit and Loss
• Discount
• Sales Tax/Value Added Tax/Goods and Services Tax
• Simple, Compound Interest and their applications.

Geometry

• Basic geometrical concepts (Point, Line, Line segment, Ray, Curves, Polygons, Angles)
• Measuring of Lines
• Pairs of Lines
• Elements of Angles
• Measuring of Angles
• Types of Angles
• Naming of the given 2D figures of Triangles, Square and Rectangle
• The Triangle
• Types of Triangles and its Properties
• Classification of Polygons
• Angle sum property
• Kinds of Quadrilaterals (Trapezium, Kite, Parallelogram)
• Some special parallelograms (Rhombus, Rectangle, Square)
• Constructing different types of Quadrilaterals
• Views of 3D- Shapes
• Identification of Edges, Vertices and Faces of 3D figures (Euler’s Rule)
• Nets for building 3D shapes.

Data Handling

Reading and interpreting and analysing the Data (pictograph, tally marks, bar graphs, double bar graph, pie charts) - Arithmetic Mean - Mode - Median of un-grouped data - Chance and Probability.

Algebra

• Patterns
• making rules
• The idea of variables
• formation of algebraic expressions -Terms, Factors and Coefficients
• Linear equations in one variable
• terms and types of algebraic expressions
• finding the value of an expression
• Addition, Subtraction and Multiplication of Algebraic Expressions
• Multiplying a Monomial by a Monomial and polynomial
• Multiplying a Polynomial by a Polynomial
• Standard Identities and their applications
• Applications of simple equations to practical situations
• Exponents and Powers
• Negative exponents
• Laws of exponents
• Expressing large numbers in the standard form
• Factorisation
• Division of Algebraic Expressions Continued (Polynomial ÷ Polynomial)
• Linear Graphs.

Mensuration

• Measuring Length, Weight, Capacity, Time-Seasons, Calendar, Money, Area
• Symmetry (Line and Rotational)
• Perimeter of Triangle, Square, Rectangle, Rhombus, Trapezium, Parallelogram, Circle and Polygon), Area of a Quadrilateral, Surface Area and Volume of Cube, Cuboid and Cylinder -Volume and capacity.

Methodology, 4 marks:

1. Nature and Definitions of Mathematics
2. Aims, values and instructional objectives of teaching Mathematics
3. Methods of Teaching & Remedial measures in Mathematics
4. Instructional Material, TLM and Resource Utilization in Mathematics
5. Curriculum, Textbooks & Instructional Planning.
6. Evaluation and Continuous Comprehensive Evaluation

Part VII: Science

Content, 8 marks (Class III to VIII, difficulty up to Class X): six areas.

Living World

Living and non-living things - Characteristics of living organisms

Plants -Types of plants- Herb, shrub, Tree, basing on habitat – Terrestrial, Aquatic, Desert etc, plant parts -functions

Animals – Animals around us – Oviparous, viviparous; herbivore, carnivore, omnivore; shelters of different animals, Birds – beaks, Domestic animals, Wild animals, Types of animals basing on habitat, herbivore, carnivore, omnivore, Animals sounds, Movements in animals, Different types of habitat and adaptation, Homes of animals, Nests of birds.

Human beings - Body parts, Healthy body – good habits, Sense organs and their care, concern for differently abled persons, Good touch and Bad touch, Skeletal parts – Bones, Joints, Cartilage; muscles, Safety measures – at home, school safety, Road safety, water hazards, First- aid.

Food - Food, Need of food, Sources of food – plants, animals, Types of food, Cooked and raw foods, Utensils, Mid-day meal, Methods of preparing food, Food wastage, Preservation of food, Good food habits, Our food, Components of food, Balanced diet, Junk food, Deficiency diseases Agricultural Practices, Tools used in agriculture, Methods of agriculture, Storage of food, Food from Animals, Food for birds and animals.

Family - Role of family members, Family Tree, Types of family, Changing family structure, Family Budget, Shelter for all, Different types of houses, Home appliances,

Migration – Reasons, Effects, Slums, Homeless people.

Cell – The basic unit of life, Types of cells, Cell structure and function.

Microorganisms - Introduction to microorganisms – types, Useful Microorganisms, Harmful microorganism.

Games and recreation- indoor, outdoor, local games, uses, materials used and the rules.

Life processes

Nutrition - Nutrition in plants – Autotrophic, Parasitic, saprophytic, Insectivorous, Different ways of taking food, Digestion in humans, Digestion in grass eating animals, feeding and digestion in amoeba.

Respiration - Types of respiration, Respiration in animals, Respiration in plants,

Circulation - Circulatory system in human being -Transport of substances in plants. Excretion in animals,

Coordination- Nervous system,

Reproduction - Modes of reproduction – sexual, asexual and vegetative, Seed dispersal, Sexual and Asexual Reproduction in Animals, Adolescence and puberty – changes, role of hormones, Reproductive phase, Sex determination, Hormones other than sex hormones, Metamorphosis, Reproductive health

Natural Phenomena

Objects And Materials

Objects around us – Properties of materials - classication of materials, Properties and uses of Metals and Non-metals, Reactivity order of metals, Methods of separation– Saturated and unsaturated solutions. Acids, bases and salts, indicators, Neutralization, Physical and chemical changes, Rusting of Iron, Galvanization, Crystallization.

Measurement Of Distances – Motion

Measurement of distances, Standard units and non-standard units of measurements, Motion and rest, Types of motion, Motion and time – speed, average speed, Uniform and non-uniform motions, Measurement of time, Time period, Units of time and speed,

Measuring speed, Distance-time graph,

Light

Light, shadows, and reflections, Transparent, opaque and translucent objects, pin hole camera, mirrors and reflection, Regular and Diffused Reflection, multiple images, kaleidoscope, periscope, Characteristics of images formed by mirrors, Spherical mirrors and images, Lenses and images, Sunlight – dispersion, Human Eye, Care of the Eyes, Braille System, Visually Impaired Persons

Electricity

Simple electric circuit and its components, Symbols of electric components, Electric conductors and insulators, Heating effects of electric current, CFL, LED, Fuse and MCB, Magnetic effects of electric current, Electromagnet, Electric bell, Chemical Effects Of Electric Current, Good/Poor Conducting Liquids, Electroplating.

Magnetism

Magnets – Discovery of magnets, Magnetic and non magnetic substances, Types of magnets, Properties of magnets, Magnetic compass, Storing of magnets.

Heat

Heat – temperature, measuring temperature, Units of temperature, Types of

Thermometers, Transfer of heat – conduction, convection, radiation.

Force, Friction And Pressure

Force – push or pull, Exploring forces, net force, Effect of force on objects, Contact and non contact forces, Pressure, Fluid pressure, Atmospheric pressure, Friction, Factors effecting friction, Friction: A necessary evil, Increasing and reducing friction, Types of friction.

Combustion And Fuels

Exhaustible and inexhaustible resources, Fuels–Types, Coal, Uses of Coal and Coal products, Rening of petroleum, Petrochemical products in various sectors, Various Constituents of Petroleum and their Uses, Formation of coal and petroleum, Natural Gas, Misuse of Energy resources and Consequences. Combustion, Types of Combustion, Ignition temperature, Inflammable substances, Flame, Fuel Efficiency, Burning of Fuels Leads to Harmful Products, Fire control, Structure of ame – colour zones–Intensities.

Fibres

Natural and Synthetic bres, Preparation and uses, Types and Characteristics of Synthetic Fibres, Our dress our culture, Kinds of clothes we wear in winter and summer, Plastics as Materials of Choice, Types of plastics, Plastics and environment, Biodegradable – Non biodegradable materials.

Sound

Sound - a form of energy, Production of sound, Some musical instruments, Propagation of sound, Human ear, Hearing Impairment, Noise and Music, Types of waves (longitudinal and transverse), Characteristics of sound waves (Wavelength, Frequency, Time period, Speed of the wave),Pitch, Loudness and Quality, Audible and Inaudible sounds, Noise pollution.

Some Natural Phenomena

The Story of Lightning, Charging by Rubbing, Electric charge and properties of electric charge, Types of charges and their interactions, Transfer of charge, lightning, lightning safety, lightning conductors, Earth quake, Tsunami, Causes and effects, Protective measures.

Our Universe

The Moon, The Moon’s Surface, Phases of Moon, Eclipses (Solar and lunar eclipses), The Stars, Movement of Stars(Constellation, polestar), Movement of the Sun, Solar System, Planets and Some Other Members of the Solar System, Articial Satellites.

Transportation and Communication

Transportation - Story of transport – Objects-signs and signboards used for transport – Places associated with transport –Modes of travel in the present and in the past – Methods of transport in different topographical conditions (Transport in hilly areas, Forests, Deserts, Snowy areas, Rivers & Canals) - Need for an international transport -Import and export of the goods- different means of transport of goods-Importance of tourism and seven wonders of the world.

Communication – Means and objects of Communication-Types of Communication both in Human and Animals (different feelings and gestures) Modern forms of communication – Communication used in the past and present-Advantage of Mass Communication- Communication through Postcard, Cell Phone, E-Mail, News Paper, Radio, TV, and Social Media etc., How communication and transport brings the entire world together.

Professions and Services

Household materials with reference to profession (farmer, cobbler, tailor etc)-Different professions and their need to the society- villager/farmer (seeds/manure/ agri methods etc.,) , helping agents ( bank, e- seva, PHC, panchayat office, post office/etc.,) Governance and

Services - Local Self Govt, State, Central Govt, Judiciary.

OUR ENVIRONMENT

Climate – Climate change, Weather- Climate- rain- oods-Cyclones-disaster management,

Global environmental issues – Green house effect, Global warming, Acid rains. Eco- friendly activities, Say ‘no’ to plastic.

Air - Presence of air, Components of air, Properties of air, Availability of oxygen to animals and plants, Replacement of oxygen in the atmosphere, uses of air, Nitrogen cycle,

Air pollution -causes, effects and prevention.

Water - Forms of water, Uses of water, source, scarcity, protected water, wastage of water, Water resources, Tank pollution, safe drinking water, tank management, journey of rain drop – Water cycle, water magic, water properties, Water resources, major rivers in AP, fisherman, water transport, tragedy of rivers, drought and floods, water pollutions - Causes, effects and prevention. Sewage, Treatment of polluted water, Better house keeping practices, Sanitation and Disease, Alternative arrangement for sewage disposal.

Biodiversity - Forests, Flora, fauna, interrelation of organisms, Green world, Advantages of forests, Deforestation - effects, Chipko movement, Conservation of forest and wildlife – Protecting areas, endangered and endemic species.

Methodology, 4 marks:

1. Nature, Scope, History and development of science.
2. Aims, Values, Objectives specifications of teaching Science, Academic Standards.
3. Methods, approaches and techniques of teaching science.
4. Teaching learning material, Improvised teaching aids.
5. Science curriculum, Text – book.
6. Assessment and Evaluation
7. Science laboratories.
8. Planning in science teaching ( Year Plan, Lesson Plan)
9. Role of Science Teacher
10. Science Fairs, Science clubs, Field – trips, Science museums.

Part VIII: Social Studies

Content, 8 marks (Class III to VIII, difficulty up to Class X): six themes.

Theme - I: Our Universe

The shape of the Earth, The Universe- Origin, solar System, Our Earth in the Solar System – Celestial bodies, Constellations, Realms of the Earth- Latitudes and Longitudes -Movements of Earth – Solar System- Globe-Model of Earth – Axis of Earth, Equinox – Eclipses.

Maps – Directions, Scale, Symbols, Patterns, Types, Where are we-Village, Mandal, District, country maps.

The Earth - Environment – Components, Interior of the Earth, Atmosphere, Biosphere, Pollution, Disasters.

Land Forms – Major Land Forms in AP, Podu cultivation, Diversity in Lifestyles.

Forests-Climatic Regions - Types of Forests, Forests in AP, Uses - Deforestation, Conservation of Forests.

Land, Soil, Water, Natural Vegetation and Wildlife Resources.

Theme - II: Production Exchange and Livelihoods

Migration of people- Reasons for migration, effects of migration, Slums, Family Budget, Profession and services- Farmer, Tailor.

Resources – Types, Conservation, Mineral and Power Resources – Types of Minerals, Distribution, Conservation Power Resources: Conventional, Non-Conventional.

Human Resources - Distribution of Population, Density of Population, Population Change, population composition.

Agriculture – Types of farming, Major crops; industries- Classification and Distribution.

Weavers, Iron Smelters, factory owners, Indian Textile and the world market-The sword of Tipu Sultan and Wootz steel, Public facilities, Water as a part of fundamental Right to Life- Govt. Role.

Markets around Us - Types of Markets - Consumer Protection.

Transport system, International Transport, Exports and Imports, Global Village, Road ways, My bicycle, Vehicles other than Transport, Transport in Hill areas, Forests, deserts, snowy areas, rivers and canals, Road Safety, Traffic symbols, Road safety measures, pedestrian safety, safe cycling, safety travelling.

Theme -III: Political Systems and Governance

Early Life to Settled life- Early people, Nomadic life, Belum caves, Rock paintings, Growing plants, Rearing animals, Towards a settled life, Emergence of Kingdoms and Republics, Mahajanapadas, Magadha, Vajji Kingdoms and Empires- Mauryan, Guptas, Satavahanas, Pallava, Chalukya Dynasties.

Delhi Sultanate, Kakatiyas, Vijayanagara Empire, Mughals, Contemporary Kingdoms.

• Governments – Types, Monarchy, Democracy, Different levels, Local and Self Government, State and Central Governments
• Why do we need a Parliament?, The role of the Parliament, Who are the people in the parliament?
• State Government – Legislature, Executive, Judiciary- Role, Independent Judiciary, Structure of Courts in India, Different Branches of the legal system- Understanding our Criminal Justice System – the role of police and Public Prosecutor, Judge, Fair Trail- Law and Social Justice – Bhopal gas Tragedy, Enforcement of Safety Laws, New laws to protect the Environment.
• The Indian Constitution, key features – Fundamental Rights – Fundamental Duties
• Understanding Secularism, Understanding Laws. - Civilizing the “Native” Educating the nation- How the British saw Education? – What happened to the local schools?- the agenda for a National Education, How Important are Dates, How do we periodise, What is Colonial?,- From Trade to Territory-The Company establishes Power, East India Company, Battle of Plassey, Tippu Sultan, The Doctrine of Lapse, Setting up a new administration – Ruling the countryside – Diwani system, Munro system, Demand for Indian Indigo, The Blue Rebellion and after – Tribals, Dikus and the vision of Golden age-How did Tribal groups live?, How did colonial rule effect Tribal lives?, Forest Laws and their impact- Birsa Munda.

Indian Freedom struggle, When people Rebel 1857 and after- Policies and the people, Through the Eyes of the people, A Mutiny becomes a popular Rebellion, the company fights back, The making of the National Movement: 1870’s to 1947- The emergence of nationalism, The growth of mass nationalism, The March to Dandi, Quit India and Later – India after Independence- A new and divided nation, A Constitution is written, How were states to be formed – Planning for development, A Nation sixty years on

Theme -IV: Social Organization and Inequities

Inequality, Steps towards equality – Constitutional provisions, Remedial measures for abolishing inequality, Will Discrimination and inequalities stop people from achieving their goal.

Women Change the World, Women’s movement, Inspirational Women- Women, Caste and Reforms- Working towards change: Changing the lives of Widows, Girls begin going to School, Women write about women, Caste and social reform: Gulamgiri who could enter, The Non Brahman Movement.

Understanding Marginalisation – Adivasis and Development, Minorities and Marginalisation- Confronting Marginalisation- Invoking Fundamental Rights-Laws for the Marginalised, Protecting the rights of the Dalits and Adivasis, Adivasis Demands and the 1989 Act.

Theme - V: Religion and Society

Religions – Hinduism, Jainism, Buddhism, Islam and Sikhism, Unity in Diversity; Bhakthi and Sufi Movements

Theme -VI: Culture and Communication

Together with everyone – communication, Postal services, mobiles, E-mail, Mass communication, Newspaper, Radio, TV, Social Media.

Let us Visit-Historical and Tourist places in AP; Early Civilisations- Indus Valley civilisation, vedic period, vedic literature; Indian Culture, Languages.

Methodology, 4 marks:

1. Nature, Scope, History and development of Social.
2. Aims, Values, Objectives specifications of teaching Social, Academic Standards.
3. Methods, approaches and techniques of teaching Social.
4. Teaching learning material, Improvised teaching aids.
5. Social curriculum, Textbook.
6. Assessment and Evaluation
7. Social laboratories.
8. Planning in Social teaching ( Year Plan, Lesson Plan)
9. Social Teacher roles and responsibilities.
10. Fairs, Clubs, Field – trips, museums

How to Divide Your Study Time

A starting point is proportional to marks. For every 100 hours of preparation:

Eight content marks in each subject must cover a wide school range (Classes III to VIII, with difficulty up to Class X), so breadth matters more than depth. The methodology marks are best won by learning the shared structure of the lists: nature and scope, aims and values, methods, teaching-learning material, curriculum and textbook, assessment, planning. The Mathematics, Science and Social Studies methodology lists follow much the same pattern, so understanding one helps with the others. This split is our own suggestion, not an official one.

After each mock test, use the section-wise tool in our AP DSC 2026 syllabus and exam pattern guide.

Related: AP DSC syllabus and exam patternPerspectives and Psychology syllabusAP DSC 2026 notification guide

About the author. Thaseen Fathima is a B.Tech CSE (AI) student at Vignan Institute of Engineering and Technology, Visakhapatnam, who builds examination calculators and writes the guides behind them.